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Thursday 24 April 2025
In just five years, the amount of solar electricity generated in South Africa has increased from 4.9 TWh in 2019 to 19.9 TWh in 2024, according to data from Ember, a global energy think tank.
There’s been a massive increase in solar panel imports to South Africa. In 2023 alone, 4.3GW of solar panels were imported from China, another 3.8GW were imported in 2024.
This is more likely a response to the erratic electricity supply than a burning desire to reduce the country’s carbon emissions, but either way it’s a win for the climate.
Other African countries are also importing solar panels from China to the tune of 12.9GW in 2024. South Africa is far and away the biggest importer, but Nigeria, Morocco and Egypt each imported at least 1GW of solar panel capacity in 2024.
There’s been a massive increase in solar panel imports to South Africa. In 2023 alone, 4.3GW of solar panels were imported from China, another 3.8GW were imported in 2024.
This is more likely a response to the erratic electricity supply than a burning desire to reduce the country’s carbon emissions, but either way it’s a win for the climate.
Other African countries are also importing solar panels from China to the tune of 12.9GW in 2024. South Africa is far and away the biggest importer, but Nigeria, Morocco and Egypt each imported at least 1GW of solar panel capacity in 2024.

Thursday 24 April 2025
Ten years ago, in 2014, 90% of South Africa’s electricity was generated from coal, in 2024 it was 82%, according to global energy think tank Ember’s data. In January 2025, coal reached a new monthly low of 74.3% of the electricity mix.
The rise of low-carbon energy in the past decade has been remarkable. More than 40% of the world’s electricity was generated using low-carbon energy sources – renewables plus nuclear – in 2024, according to Ember.
Solar has been driving the rise in renewables and contributed 7% of the electricity mix in 2024. South Africa generated 8% of its electricity from solar sources in 2024.
Thanks to the rapid increase in renewables, South Africa generated 16.7% of its electricity from low-carbon sources in 2024. Only 3.5% of that was nuclear, five years ago nuclear contributed 5%.
Africa as a whole produces 25% of its electricity from low-carbon sources, mostly hydro.
Fossil fuels are still the source of almost 60% of the world’s electricity. Coal is the biggest source at 34.4%, followed by gas at 22%.
The rise of low-carbon energy in the past decade has been remarkable. More than 40% of the world’s electricity was generated using low-carbon energy sources – renewables plus nuclear – in 2024, according to Ember.
Solar has been driving the rise in renewables and contributed 7% of the electricity mix in 2024. South Africa generated 8% of its electricity from solar sources in 2024.
Thanks to the rapid increase in renewables, South Africa generated 16.7% of its electricity from low-carbon sources in 2024. Only 3.5% of that was nuclear, five years ago nuclear contributed 5%.
Africa as a whole produces 25% of its electricity from low-carbon sources, mostly hydro.
Fossil fuels are still the source of almost 60% of the world’s electricity. Coal is the biggest source at 34.4%, followed by gas at 22%.

Thursday 24 April 2025
More than 40% of the world’s electricity was generated using low-carbon energy sources – renewables plus nuclear – in 2024, according to Ember, an independent energy think tank.
Solar has been driving the rise in renewables and contributed 6.9% of the electricity mix in 2024.
Fossil fuels are still the source of almost 60% of the world’s electricity, although down a bit from 60.6% in 2023. Coal is the biggest source at 34.4%, followed by gas at 22%.
The chart on the left shows the amount of electricity generated in terraWatt hours from each of the clean energy sources between 2000 and 2024.
Nuclear has remained relatively static, while hydro, wind, solar and other renewables, such as bioenergy, geothermal, tide and wave energy have increased.
Solar has been driving the rise in renewables and contributed 6.9% of the electricity mix in 2024.
Fossil fuels are still the source of almost 60% of the world’s electricity, although down a bit from 60.6% in 2023. Coal is the biggest source at 34.4%, followed by gas at 22%.
The chart on the left shows the amount of electricity generated in terraWatt hours from each of the clean energy sources between 2000 and 2024.
Nuclear has remained relatively static, while hydro, wind, solar and other renewables, such as bioenergy, geothermal, tide and wave energy have increased.

Wednesday 23 April 2025
In Africa, 25% of the electricity is generated from low-carbon sources, but solar contributes very little – only 4% of the mix in 2024. South Africa generates by far the most solar at 19.9 TWh in 2024, followed by Egypt (5.5 TWh). The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) generates the third highest amount of solar electricity (2.2 TWh) but only 2023 data is available.
Hydropower is the main source of low-carbon electricity, generating 17% of the continent’s electricity. In countries like Lesotho, the DRC, Ethiopia, Zambia, Mozambique, Namibia, Malawi, Uganda and Angola, most of the electricity is generated is hydro.
“Though hydropower is a major source of electricity in the region, the increasing frequency of droughts makes it unreliable,” said Dave Jones, Ember’s chief analyst.
Hydropower is the main source of low-carbon electricity, generating 17% of the continent’s electricity. In countries like Lesotho, the DRC, Ethiopia, Zambia, Mozambique, Namibia, Malawi, Uganda and Angola, most of the electricity is generated is hydro.
“Though hydropower is a major source of electricity in the region, the increasing frequency of droughts makes it unreliable,” said Dave Jones, Ember’s chief analyst.

Wednesday 23 April 2025
Ember’s Global Electricity Review 2025 report states that 80 countries generated more than 50% of their electricity from clean sources in 2024.
Although Ember has 2024 data for only six African countries, its 2023 data contains 15 African countries that generated more than half their electricity from clean sources.
The DRC and Ethiopia generate all their electricity from renewable sources, Namibia and Eswatini are close to 100%.
However, a few of those countries also have to import electricity to meet their needs. Namibia, for example, generates its own hydro and solar power, but it has to import around half of its electricity, mainly from South Africa. The same applies to Eswatini.
Hydro is the main clean electricity source in Africa: 19% of the continent’s electricity is hydro.
Although Ember has 2024 data for only six African countries, its 2023 data contains 15 African countries that generated more than half their electricity from clean sources.
The DRC and Ethiopia generate all their electricity from renewable sources, Namibia and Eswatini are close to 100%.
However, a few of those countries also have to import electricity to meet their needs. Namibia, for example, generates its own hydro and solar power, but it has to import around half of its electricity, mainly from South Africa. The same applies to Eswatini.
Hydro is the main clean electricity source in Africa: 19% of the continent’s electricity is hydro.

Wednesday 23 April 2025
In South Africa 94% of the population has access to electricity, but many African countries do not generate enough electricity to meet their needs.
The International Energy Agency estimates that in 2023 only about half the population of sub-Saharan African countries had access to electricity, so it’s clear that the amount of electricity generated needs to increase significantly.
Countries like Benin, Botswana, Djibouti, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and Niger, import electricity.
“African countries have immense solar potential and most of it is untapped,” said Dave Jones, Ember’s chief analyst. “Enabling African countries with affordable financing can unleash their solar potential and help provide reliable and secure power supply in the region.”
At present, hydropower is the main source of low-carbon electricity in Africa, generating 17% of the continent’s electricity.
The International Energy Agency estimates that in 2023 only about half the population of sub-Saharan African countries had access to electricity, so it’s clear that the amount of electricity generated needs to increase significantly.
Countries like Benin, Botswana, Djibouti, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and Niger, import electricity.
“African countries have immense solar potential and most of it is untapped,” said Dave Jones, Ember’s chief analyst. “Enabling African countries with affordable financing can unleash their solar potential and help provide reliable and secure power supply in the region.”
At present, hydropower is the main source of low-carbon electricity in Africa, generating 17% of the continent’s electricity.

Tuesday 22 April 2025
There were 25,816 Airbnbs listed in Cape Town in December 2024. This is 2,798 more than in March 2024 and an increase of more than 5,000 since we first visited this topic in September 2023. At that time there were 20,583 listings.
The city centre and the nearby Seapoint, Camps Bay and Clifton areas are home to the most Airbnb listings in the city. In the CBD there are more than four times the number of listings than in most other areas.
Airbnb operators tend to focus on high-traffic areas closer to the centre of cities which means less rental space is available to those that work in the city, pushing them further out to areas where there is space and more affordable rentals.
But this also often puts additional strain on transport systems to get workers back into the city.
For many city managers the growth in short-term rentals like Airbnb is worrying as it reduces access to long-term housing for residents.
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com
The city centre and the nearby Seapoint, Camps Bay and Clifton areas are home to the most Airbnb listings in the city. In the CBD there are more than four times the number of listings than in most other areas.
Airbnb operators tend to focus on high-traffic areas closer to the centre of cities which means less rental space is available to those that work in the city, pushing them further out to areas where there is space and more affordable rentals.
But this also often puts additional strain on transport systems to get workers back into the city.
For many city managers the growth in short-term rentals like Airbnb is worrying as it reduces access to long-term housing for residents.
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com

Tuesday 22 April 2025
The original concept of Airbnb was for homeowners to make a little extra money from renting out a room or a flatlet on their property, but the opportunity has also created a growing industry of people operating two, 10 or even more rental listings.
In Cape Town a third of properties listed on Airbnb are managed by operators with 10 or more listings, the other two thirds are single listings.
This means, 15,588 of the 25,816 listings in Cape Town are operated by owners with multiple listings. This pattern is common worldwide, except in Paris, where stricter regulations on short-term rentals have altered the landscape.
In Paris, a new cap limiting short-term rentals to 90 days a year instead of the previous 120 days has begun to reshape the Airbnb market.
Similarly, Montreal, Canada, has introduced limits on Airbnb operations, gradually steering operators towards longer-term stays.
The contrast is stark: while 98.6% of Cape Town’s Airbnb rentals are short-term stays, Montreal’s short-term rentals account for only 43.8% of listings.
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com
In Cape Town a third of properties listed on Airbnb are managed by operators with 10 or more listings, the other two thirds are single listings.
This means, 15,588 of the 25,816 listings in Cape Town are operated by owners with multiple listings. This pattern is common worldwide, except in Paris, where stricter regulations on short-term rentals have altered the landscape.
In Paris, a new cap limiting short-term rentals to 90 days a year instead of the previous 120 days has begun to reshape the Airbnb market.
Similarly, Montreal, Canada, has introduced limits on Airbnb operations, gradually steering operators towards longer-term stays.
The contrast is stark: while 98.6% of Cape Town’s Airbnb rentals are short-term stays, Montreal’s short-term rentals account for only 43.8% of listings.
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com

Tuesday 22 April 2025
While the original concept of Airbnb was for homeowners to make a little extra money from renting out a room or a flatlet on their property, the opportunity has also created a growing industry of people operating two, ten or even more rental listings.
In Cape Town a third of properties listed on Airbnb are managed by operators with 10 or more listings.
Two thirds of the listings in Cape Town are single listings.
Or, looked at another way, 15,588 of the 25,816 listings in Cape Town are operated by owners with more than one listing.
In most parts of the world this is the most common pattern, with the exception of Paris where tighter regulations around short-term rentals have switched the pattern.
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com
In Cape Town a third of properties listed on Airbnb are managed by operators with 10 or more listings.
Two thirds of the listings in Cape Town are single listings.
Or, looked at another way, 15,588 of the 25,816 listings in Cape Town are operated by owners with more than one listing.
In most parts of the world this is the most common pattern, with the exception of Paris where tighter regulations around short-term rentals have switched the pattern.
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com

Tuesday 22 April 2025
In Cape Town the city centre and the nearby Seapoint, Camps Bay and Clifton areas are home to the most Airbnb listings in the city. In the CBD there are more than four times the number of listings than in most other areas.
The CBD listings, however, don’t command nearly the same prices as Camps Bay and Clifton listings, and the more affluent suburbs of Bishops Court and Constantia move into the higher price brackets.
Outlying areas closer to Stellenbosch command better prices as the listings attract the country & wine tourists.
There were 25,816 Airbnbs listed in Cape Town in December 2024. This is 2,798 more than in March 2024.
This means Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281) and Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com
The CBD listings, however, don’t command nearly the same prices as Camps Bay and Clifton listings, and the more affluent suburbs of Bishops Court and Constantia move into the higher price brackets.
Outlying areas closer to Stellenbosch command better prices as the listings attract the country & wine tourists.
There were 25,816 Airbnbs listed in Cape Town in December 2024. This is 2,798 more than in March 2024.
This means Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281) and Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com

Tuesday 22 April 2025
In Cape Town the city centre and the nearby Seapoint, Camps Bay and Clifton areas are home to the most Airbnb listings in the city. In the CBD there are more than four times the number of listings than in most other areas.
The CBD listings, however, don’t command nearly the same prices as Camps Bay and Clifton listings, and the more affluent suburbs of Bishops Court and Constantia move into the higher price brackets.
There were 25,816 Airbnbs listed in Cape Town in December 2024. This is 2,798 more than in March 2024. Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281) and Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com
The CBD listings, however, don’t command nearly the same prices as Camps Bay and Clifton listings, and the more affluent suburbs of Bishops Court and Constantia move into the higher price brackets.
There were 25,816 Airbnbs listed in Cape Town in December 2024. This is 2,798 more than in March 2024. Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281) and Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
The data used in this chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com

Tuesday 22 April 2025
There were 25,816 Airbnbs listed in Cape Town in December 2024.
This means Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281) and Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
But this number is significantly lower than London, with more than 95,000 listings, and Paris with more than 91,000.
Airbnb has come under fire in many cities around the world because of the rapid growth in listings and particularly the number of multi-listing owners.
For many city managers the growth in short-term rentals like Airbnb is worrying as it reduces access to long-term housing for residents. Airbnb operators also tend to focus on high-traffic areas closer to the centre of cities which means less rental space is available to those that work in the city, pushing them further out to areas where there is space and more affordable rentals.
The data used in the chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com
This means Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281) and Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
But this number is significantly lower than London, with more than 95,000 listings, and Paris with more than 91,000.
Airbnb has come under fire in many cities around the world because of the rapid growth in listings and particularly the number of multi-listing owners.
For many city managers the growth in short-term rentals like Airbnb is worrying as it reduces access to long-term housing for residents. Airbnb operators also tend to focus on high-traffic areas closer to the centre of cities which means less rental space is available to those that work in the city, pushing them further out to areas where there is space and more affordable rentals.
The data used in the chart can be downloaded from insideairbnb.com

Tuesday 22 April 2025
There were 25,816 Airbnbs listed in Cape Town in December 2024.
This is 2,798 more than in March 2024 and an increase of more than 5,000 since we first visited this topic in September 2023. At that time there were 20,583 listings.
This means Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281), Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
Airbnb has come under fire in many cities around the world because of the rapid growth in listings and particularly the number of multi-listing owners.
For many city managers the growth in short-term rentals like Airbnb is worrying as it reduces access to long-term housing for residents.
Get the data used in the chart on DataDesk
This is 2,798 more than in March 2024 and an increase of more than 5,000 since we first visited this topic in September 2023. At that time there were 20,583 listings.
This means Cape Town has roughly the same number of listings as other major cities in the world including Mexico City (26,281), Tokyo (21,058) and Istanbul (29,400).
Airbnb has come under fire in many cities around the world because of the rapid growth in listings and particularly the number of multi-listing owners.
For many city managers the growth in short-term rentals like Airbnb is worrying as it reduces access to long-term housing for residents.
Get the data used in the chart on DataDesk

Thursday 17 April 2025
At the end of 2024, South Africa’s Minister of Basic Education Siviwe Gwarube said her department would eradicate all remaining ‘identified’ pit toilets in schools across the country by 31 March 2025.
The deadline wasn’t met.
On 5 April, Gwarube said they had upgraded the toilet facilities at 96% of the target schools.
The target the minister is speaking about was set after a 2018 audit of school sanitation for an initiative called Sanitation Appropriate for Education (SAFE), which identified 3,375 schools in need of upgrades.
This chart visualises the number of schools with basic pit toilets reported in the Education Facility Management System (EFMS), which is where the Department of Basic Education captures information about school infrastructure. It used to be called the National Education Information Management System (Neims). The latest EFMS report, dated 3 July 2024, lists 287 schools with basic pit latrines as their only toilets in three provinces, Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape.
See also Pits in 3 provinces
Get the data used in the chart on DataDesk
The deadline wasn’t met.
On 5 April, Gwarube said they had upgraded the toilet facilities at 96% of the target schools.
The target the minister is speaking about was set after a 2018 audit of school sanitation for an initiative called Sanitation Appropriate for Education (SAFE), which identified 3,375 schools in need of upgrades.
This chart visualises the number of schools with basic pit toilets reported in the Education Facility Management System (EFMS), which is where the Department of Basic Education captures information about school infrastructure. It used to be called the National Education Information Management System (Neims). The latest EFMS report, dated 3 July 2024, lists 287 schools with basic pit latrines as their only toilets in three provinces, Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape.
See also Pits in 3 provinces
Get the data used in the chart on DataDesk

Thursday 3 April 2025
The African arms market is shaped by historical relationships and current politics. Most African countries that buy arms, get them from Russia, France, the United States and China, the global top-four, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute’s (SIPRI’s) arms transfer database.
Although the United States is the world’s largest arms exporter, its exports to Africa are lower in value compared with Russia and France – measured in trend indicator values (TIVs), a system devised by the SIPRI to measure the volume of international transfers of major conventional weapons using a common unit.
Russia, which supplies arms to 23 African countries, exports the most arms by value to Africa. It has deep roots with many of these countries dating back to independence struggles and Cold War-era conflicts.
China, despite transferring less advanced military technology than its competitors, has the widest reach — supplying arms to 36 African countries.
Egypt, Algeria and Morocco account for most of the arms bought by African countries. Between 2014 and 2024, Egypt, Africa’s top weapons buyer, was also the fourth-biggest weapons buyer in the world (surpassed only by Saudi Arabia, India and Qatar) and Algeria ranks 11th.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk
Although the United States is the world’s largest arms exporter, its exports to Africa are lower in value compared with Russia and France – measured in trend indicator values (TIVs), a system devised by the SIPRI to measure the volume of international transfers of major conventional weapons using a common unit.
Russia, which supplies arms to 23 African countries, exports the most arms by value to Africa. It has deep roots with many of these countries dating back to independence struggles and Cold War-era conflicts.
China, despite transferring less advanced military technology than its competitors, has the widest reach — supplying arms to 36 African countries.
Egypt, Algeria and Morocco account for most of the arms bought by African countries. Between 2014 and 2024, Egypt, Africa’s top weapons buyer, was also the fourth-biggest weapons buyer in the world (surpassed only by Saudi Arabia, India and Qatar) and Algeria ranks 11th.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk

Thursday 3 April 2025
South Africa, the continent’s biggest arms exporting country, specialises in armoured military vehicles.
Private South African companies, such as Paramount, have been largely responsible for the country’s arms export numbers of late, while state-owned Denel has been trying to avoid bankruptcy.
Paramount – a massive South African military technology producer (which moved its headquarters from Sandton to Abu Dhabi) – produces the Maatla, Maurauder, and Mbombe armoured vehicles. More than 600 of these vehicles were sold in the past 10 years to countries including India, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Singapore and Mozambique, according to the Stockholm International Peace Institute’s (Sipri’s) arms transfer database.
The Democratic Republic of Congo bought 20 Mbombe-4 and 24 Maatla vehicles from South Africa in 2023.
A smaller South African company, OTT Technologies, sold a number of Puma M-36 armoured vehicles in the past four years: 12 to Benin, 8 to Niger, 18 to Senegal and 24 to the African Union for peacekeeping in Senegal.
Another private company, DCD Protected Mobility sold 79 Springbuck-SD to Cote d’Ivoire.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk
Private South African companies, such as Paramount, have been largely responsible for the country’s arms export numbers of late, while state-owned Denel has been trying to avoid bankruptcy.
Paramount – a massive South African military technology producer (which moved its headquarters from Sandton to Abu Dhabi) – produces the Maatla, Maurauder, and Mbombe armoured vehicles. More than 600 of these vehicles were sold in the past 10 years to countries including India, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Jordan, Singapore and Mozambique, according to the Stockholm International Peace Institute’s (Sipri’s) arms transfer database.
The Democratic Republic of Congo bought 20 Mbombe-4 and 24 Maatla vehicles from South Africa in 2023.
A smaller South African company, OTT Technologies, sold a number of Puma M-36 armoured vehicles in the past four years: 12 to Benin, 8 to Niger, 18 to Senegal and 24 to the African Union for peacekeeping in Senegal.
Another private company, DCD Protected Mobility sold 79 Springbuck-SD to Cote d’Ivoire.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk

Thursday 3 April 2025
The strong military relationship between France and some African countries is founded on colonial ties, but with increasing anti-French sentiment in former colonies, France is losing some of its market share.
France ranks among the top suppliers of arms to Africa over the past 10 years, particularly because of the volume of military tech it sells to Egypt.
But the historically tight military ties between France and many of its former colonies in Africa have broken down, which can be seen in the arms trade data before and after recent military coups in francophone African countries.
Not only have French troops been expelled (or withdrawn), but many of these countries are no longer buying arms from France. Instead they are buying arms from other African countries, Türkiye, the United Arab Emirates, and China, according to arms transfer data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk
France ranks among the top suppliers of arms to Africa over the past 10 years, particularly because of the volume of military tech it sells to Egypt.
But the historically tight military ties between France and many of its former colonies in Africa have broken down, which can be seen in the arms trade data before and after recent military coups in francophone African countries.
Not only have French troops been expelled (or withdrawn), but many of these countries are no longer buying arms from France. Instead they are buying arms from other African countries, Türkiye, the United Arab Emirates, and China, according to arms transfer data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk

Thursday 3 April 2025
In the past few years there have been armed conflicts in Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan.
Who sells arms to countries in conflict? Someone does, but the data is often murky. The United Nations’ arms embargo on Sudan and the Central African Republic either affects the arms sold to that country or (and this is more likely) affects whether these transactions are documented.
The UN found evidence of arms transferred to areas under embargo like Darfur (Sudan).
For some countries with active conflict the UN issues arms embargoes as a way to mitigate the violence. During these conflicts, arms are often available despite official channels being more heavily monitored, according to data compiled by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Blanks in the data and vague information like ‘unknown supplier’ represent these periods of violent conflict where arms may be available but aren’t being formally traded.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk
Who sells arms to countries in conflict? Someone does, but the data is often murky. The United Nations’ arms embargo on Sudan and the Central African Republic either affects the arms sold to that country or (and this is more likely) affects whether these transactions are documented.
The UN found evidence of arms transferred to areas under embargo like Darfur (Sudan).
For some countries with active conflict the UN issues arms embargoes as a way to mitigate the violence. During these conflicts, arms are often available despite official channels being more heavily monitored, according to data compiled by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Blanks in the data and vague information like ‘unknown supplier’ represent these periods of violent conflict where arms may be available but aren’t being formally traded.
Get the data used in this chart on DataDesk